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Cutting coal plants good, but FAR from the best

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This entry was posted on 12/16/2007 11:58 PM and is filed under Coal,Economics.


From an article in Madison, Wisconsin's Capital Times:

COOLING COAL - SIERRA CLUB LAWYER HERE SUCCESSFULLY FIGHTS POWER PLANT POLLUTION

Excerpts:

"In the last four years, local Sierra Club attorney Bruce Nilles has stopped 58 coal-fired plants from being built in the United States. As a result of his work, energy companies have abandoned their plans, fearing going through the permitting process of getting a new coal plant built.   Nilles, 39, is director of the organization's National Coal Campaign. He has stopped plants in Kansas, Illinois, Florida, Texas and Nevada. He also had a hand in last month's settlement in which the state of Wisconsin agreed not only to clean up UW-Madison's coal-fired Charter Street power plant but also to examine and possibly improve the operation of 13 other coal-burning plants it manages across the state.

He is in the process of fighting 54 more coal-burning plants in America. In the last two weeks alone, Nilles has beaten back four plants.   'It's been a very good two weeks,' he said, grinning.

It all comes down to global warming, and there is a lack of federal action on the issue, Nilles said Thursday.....

'These coal plants are preventing us from stopping the acceleration of global warming and instead investing in clean, renewable energy sources like wind and solar,' Nilles said.

'The reason we focus on coal plants is because they emit 40 percent of the global warming emissions in the United States,' he said.  Talking up solar and wind power, Nilles dismisses nuclear power, saying it is too expensive and too dangerous."

------

This is good.  If the coal plants can't comply with existing laws and make it through the permitting process, they should be shut down or not built.

But, listen to why utility officials say they want to run/build the plants (and they're right) -

"Utility officials and other adversaries have countered that the energy demands of the country make burning coal necessary. Coal, which is available domestically, accounts for 50 percent of the electricity produced in the U.S. And so far, alternative sources of energy such as wind and solar meet only a only a small fraction of the country's demand."

Given the rate at which electricity demand will increase (1.3% - according to the Energy Information Administration), where is this additional capacity going to come from?  Not renewable energy sources.  Why not?  Because current economics favor fossil fuels.  How do we know?  Because that's what utilities want to build.  A company's 'job' is to maximize their investors return.  Since utilities don't need to pay for the external costs of fossil fuel and nuclear use.......of course these are better from an economic standpoint.

It's time to change the 'rules of the game' and begin to include the external costs of energy into prices.  The best way to do this is via a phased-in federal tax shift from income to non-renewable energy.

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Comments

    • 12/17/2007 9:39 AM Jim Blair wrote:
      Hi,

      Yes, Milles and the Sierra Club are on the wrong track. Sure coal is the worst source of electricity, but given today's tax structure, it is the cheapest--actually second cheapest behind nuclear, but the cheapest one permitted.

      Before blocking new coal plants or shutting down existing ones, alternative sources of power need to be provided. They need to be built as coal plants are replaced. Doing it his way will result in power blackouts.

      The trouble is that currently the only permitted alternative to the coal plants in the USA is natural gas. By which I mean a power source that is under human control, which I claim is necessary for most of the power in a grid. Solar and wind can provide only a rather small fraction of the total before system crashes become common. It is enough of a problem to continually balance supply and demand when most of the supply is under control and only the demand is not. When both are uncontrolled, the problem of continual balance become very large.

      Natural gas is not available in enough quantity to both heat houses and supply half of our electric power. We are importing it now.

      We have coal as our main electric power source today because of the (so called) environmental movement's blocking of the proposed nuclear power plants since the 1970's. What do they fear more, Global Warming or Three Mile Island?
      Reply to this
      1. 12/17/2007 6:59 PM Paul Riehemann wrote:

        Thanks for your comments.

        Yes, coal is the cheapest and therein lies the problem.  When mercury into our lakes, greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, and particulate air pollution are accounted for.....it will be much more expensive....and use will drop over time.  What's the optimum "balance point" for our energy sources accounting for all costs (including external costs)?  I don't pretend to know.  No one does.  I DO know that we're way out of balance now since we're not paying the external costs of our energy sources.

        Your statement - "Before blocking new coal plants or shutting down existing ones, alternative sources of power need to be provided."  -  I don't believe this is true.  We do have alternatives -- as you mentioned, natural gas, wind and solar.  By shutting down plants that are not/will not meet regulations.....Mr. Nilles and the Sierra Club are simply enforcing the law (good for them).  The laws are there to recognize the external costs of burning coal.  Laws are not the best way......price is.....but it's better than nothing.

        When a federal tax shift from income to non-renewable energy occurs:
          - energy consumption will drop significantly; and,
          - more efficient (and therefore economical) storage systems for intermittent energy supplies such as wind and solar will be developed.

        Personally, I look forward to the day when over 50% of our energy used is supplied by renewable sources.  How long will it take?

        The answer is up to us.

        Reply to this
    • 12/18/2007 11:04 AM Jim Blair wrote:
      Hi,

      Of course a shift in taxes is good policy: if it is to a tax on GHG and the revenue credited "per capita". But there are other considerations as well.

      We can't make the sun shine a night, clouds and ran will reduce solar power, and the wind in Wisconsin is unreliable and even when blowing, it does so in gusts.

      Natural gas also emits CO2 as well as radioactive radon. Besides which, it is not likely to be available in enough quantity to both heat our houses and generate our electricity.

      And if we ever do get serious about climate change (admittedly not a certainty), we will need to produce MORE electric power, not less.

      Why? Because we will need to switch from gasoline to electricity to power much of our transportation. Either batteries or hydrogen gas from water by electricity.

      As for meeting federal emission standards, here is my letter the WSJ printed last Sunday.

      EDITOR:

      Of course reduced ozone levels are better. However, it would be a huge waste of money to spend billions to retrofit existing coal power plants to meet lower emission levels for ozone, mercury, sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Because when the problem of climate change is finally recognized, those "clean coal" plants will need to be shut down anyway because of the CO2 they emit. From a climate change perspective, "clean" coal is even worse than "dirty" coal. It does not offer the offsetting release of solar dimming agents.

      Jim Blair
      Reply to this
      1. 12/18/2007 9:03 PM Paul Riehemann wrote:

        Hola,

        A tax shift to greenhouse gases will begin to recognize the external costs of fossil fuel use, but not those of nuclear power.  Better than where we are now, but not the best solution.

        The batteries in vehicles will be part of our means of storing energy from renewable resources.....

        Appreciate your debate and letters to the editor!

        Reply to this
    • 12/19/2007 10:06 AM Jim Blair wrote:
      Hi,

      Those who think that we can cope with climate change by "turning down the thermostat", switching to compact florescent lights and building windmills and solar panels just don't grasp the magnitude of the problem.

      50% of US electric power is from coal. If we were to take CO2 seriously, we would need to close all of the coal power plants, including the (so called) "clean" ones. That followed by closing the natural gas power plants. Even houses would need to be switched from oil and natural gas to passive solar and electric heat. Cars would need to switch from gasoline and diesel to electric.

      This means not only replacing most of our current electric power sources, but producing about twice as much power at the same time.

      It is not that I love nuclear, but I see nuclear as the only currently practical and proven way to do that. Nuclear has provided 20% of US electricity for 40 years, and provides about 80% in France. It is not a new or unproven technology.

      But I doubt that, even after Al Gore's movie, America will take more than the minor and ineffective half-measures being discussed now.
      Reply to this
      1. 12/19/2007 11:50 PM Paul Riehemann wrote:

        Conservation, when there is the incentive of paying less taxes, and making renewable energy economically viable by charging us all for the external costs of all energy sources are the best "macro" steps we can take right now.

        A phased-in transition is much better for the economy and therefore people's lives.

        When a federal tax shift is phased-in that decreases income taxes and increases non-renewable energy costs, nuclear, coal, and natural gas plants will not stop producing electricity that day -- nor should they.  But, the economics (and mindsets) surrounding energy use will have changed when federal tax shift legislation is enacted.  This will lead to us solving the four biggies.

        Nuclear is definitely not the short-term answer and is likely not the long-term answer either for the reasons described here: Putting nuclear power to bed -- for many years (contains links to two additional entries).

        ********************

        <But I doubt that, even after Al Gore's movie, America will take more than the minor and ineffective half-measures being discussed now. >

        Agreed, documentaries can help form opinions and move to action, but real change for the better comes from debate, sharing information, and smart public policy.  (the wallet/pocketbook can be a pretty good motivator too)

        Reply to this
    • 12/20/2007 1:06 PM Jim Blair wrote:
      Hi,

      You say "A tax shift to greenhouse gases will begin to recognize the external costs of fossil fuel use, but not those of nuclear power." I agree.

      But the "external cost of fossil fuel" i.e. CO2, IS the problem. As for your supposed "external costs of nuclear power", whatever they might be if they exist, they are not changing our climate.

      Quick estimate: we now get 50% of our electric power from coal and 20% from 103 nuclear plants. So adding about another 250 nuclear plants should permit shutting down ALL coal plants in the US with no loss of electric power production.

      How long would that take? I mean if we really wanted to. A nuclear aircraft carrier can be (i.e. has been) built from keel to launch in 3 years, and it contains several nuclear power plants plus lots of other high-tech stuff. I bet we could replace all US coal plants in under 10 years--if we wanted to.

      But earlier I ask, "are American more afraid of Global Warming or of Three Mile Island?" And the current NEWSWEEK (December 24 with Sleeper Edwards on the cover) has The Roots of Fear, an explanation of why TMI generates more fear than Global Warming.

      It is the same reason that many people will pay more for flight insurance against dying from a terrorist attack than from dying from ANY cause. It is illogical, but it is in our brain's amygdala.
      Reply to this
    • 12/21/2007 9:17 AM Jim Blair wrote:
      Hi,

      An additional comment on why I propose a crash program to replace coal with nuclear. The "solutions" to climate change now being debated (or attempted) do no more than try to reduce the rate of increase of CO2 emissions. Even a tax shift would take decades to effect a major change.

      I say that is too little and too late.
      This is why:

      http://www.synapse9.com/design/ClimateLags.pdf
      Reply to this
      1. 12/21/2007 10:57 PM Paul Riehemann wrote:

        Informative document...thanks for including.  There IS a tremendous inertia with respect to greenhouse gases and global warming.

        A federal tax shift need not "take decades to effect a major change."  Money is a powerful motivator (as is "doing the right thing" when it becomes the societal norm) and....the U.S. would be leading instead of an obstructionist.

        Reply to this
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